Significance of removing acidity in transformer oil
Monitoring transformer for its fitness is inevitable to
acquire uninterrupted power supply. Maintaining the good working condition of
transformer oil protects the equipment from tripping and other failures.
The wellbeing of the transformer is obsolete, if its
transformer oil is contaminated, lest the apparatus would bulge or burst in the
worst cases. Regular testing of the oil ensures safety and uninterrupted power
supply while it serves insulation and cooling of the transformer.
Though all oils are good insulators, vegetable oils and
animal fats are not used in transformers since the fatty acids attack fibrous
elements used in winding insulation.
When transformer oil comes in contact with atmospheric
oxygen it goes through chemical reaction which results in sludge or acid
formation and settles in windings of the transformer. The oil deterioration that occurs
deprives the insulating liquid of its cooling attributes and leads to expensive
repairs.
Oxidation and contamination take a toll on the transformer
oil and the sludge settles on the windings to cause more heat and more sludge.
Increase in temperature and heat accelerates transformer oil deterioration.
Besides this Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) scans for faults
like arcing, corona and overheated conditions so that transformer oil acidity removal is
exercised.
The transformer oil deterioration is averted by inspecting the oil twice a year with
focus on parameters such as dielectric strength, water content, colour,
acidity, sludge, flash point, DDA, IFT (interfacial tension) and resistivity of
the oil.
At higher temperatures, organic compounds breakdown to form
carbon compounds. Besides this, silica gel turns to pink colour from its
original blue colour, owing to saturation of moisture and when the gel is not
renewed it contaminates the oil.
Besides the above mentioned general tests, Furan testing is
conducted once in two years for five years since installation of transformer to
detect transformer oil deterioration.
Transformer oil acidity removal is
conducted by processes including transformer oil regeneration which involve
degasification, dehydration and filtration. The transformer oil deterioration is
mitigated by passing the oil through columns which contain Fullers Earth which
removes impurities. The Fullers earth is used for approximately 500 times to
purify the oil before its expiry. Oil deterioration is removed onsite
and the transformer need not be relieved for purification purposes.
The sludge and acid content settled in the windings attack
the cellulose and hamper oil circulation in the transformer and affects heat
transfer. Transfromer oil acidity removal averts these events.
Besides these, transformer oil deterioration is
also prevented by the following maintenance tests that should be conducted
every day.
The oil levels in the Magnetic Oil Gauge or MOG of main tank
and conservative tank must be maintained in prescribed levels. The silica gel
must be monitored for change in colour and replaced when colour is changed. If
any leakage is found, it must be promptly sealed.
Transformer oil deterioration can
be avoided when transformer has additional film of nitrogen coated on the
expansion tank. When the oil expands, the coating expands with it to avoid
contact with external gases. In sealed transformers, excess nitrogen is ported
to another tank.
Transformer regeneration extends
lifespan of the oil and accentuates its insulating attributes.
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